Let’s look at the 3 DNA Repair Enzymes in more detail
The main focus of our Photozyme MD skincare range is centred around 3 DNA repair enzymes. This is what sets up apart. Let’s take a closer look at the enzymes and why these make our range so unique.
The 3 DNA Repair Enzymes used in our formulations are:
- PHOTOSOMES-V
- ROXISOMES
- ULTRASOMES-V
Firstly, let’s look at what is DNA and why this is important in our skin.
DNA is at the heart of cells, in the nucleus and in mitochondria. This has to be seen as the “computer” of the cells. Any disruption leads to major consequences such as loss of production of certain molecules, impaired molecule synthesis inflammatory messengers release, digesting enzyme release and in vivo immunodeficiency and wrinkles.
The cause of DNA damage are various: Sun (UV Light), air pollution (ozone) and metobolism (2-20% of oxygen is converted to free radicals). With age the efficiency of metabolism declines. Removal of damaged proteins also declines and oxidative damage accumulates. For example, after a sunburn there are 100,000 damages to DNA in each cell and it takes one day to remove half of the direct damage.
Especially as we age, the amount of DNA repair proteins decrease slowing down our rate of DNA repair. If the rate of DNA damage exceeds the capacity of the cell to repair it, this accumulation of damage leads to premature ageing, hyperpigmentation and takes it toll on ‘healthy’ skin.
So how do the enzymes help?
PHOTOSOMES-V
The main feature of these enzyme is:
- DNA Repair Technology
- Protects against photoaging by MMP-1 reduction
- Restores immune system suppressed by UV
Photosomes-V is one of the solutions to repairing DNA damage in the skin.
Photosomes-V is a liposome containing the enzyme Photolyase. This a plankton-derived form of photolyase, which forms a part of the body’s natural repair process. The photolyase delivered to the skin in a liposome-based formulation has the aim of breaking down the pyrimidine dimers that are formed after UV light exposure and distort the DNA helix, to overcome the block in transcription and allow proper replication to proceed.
In addition, MMP-1 is a major enzyme for collagen digestion. Destruction of collagen is a hallmark of photoaging. In a clinical study it was shown that Photosomes-V significantly reduced MMP-1 expression and therefore preventing against premature ageing.
ROXISOMES
Roxisomes are the liposome containing the enzyme OGG1. These liposomes are made of 3 different phospholipids, one of which is pH sensitive.
This smart targeting technology allows for a delivery of the liposomes in the epidermis and helps with DNA Repair for oxidative damage.
As we age, our ability to replenish the antioxidant capacity of the stratum corneum slows and exposure may exacerbate the damage that occurs.
Oxidation is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) from external toxins and internal stress. Mitochondria are a major sire of oxidation. They also contain DNA essential to their function. The damage on DNA by oxidation creates oxo-guanine. Roxisomes enzyme identifies the OXO-group on guanine and removes it.
In addition, this enzyme aims to protect Mitochondrial Health and shorten nuclear DNA repair time from 24 hr to 2 hr.
ULTRASOMES-V
Natural DNA repair activity for humans is facilitated by endonuclease, which is the enzyme in Ultrasomes-V. Endonuclease recognizes UV damage and is reported to accelerate its repair four-fold. Ultrasomes-V also protect the immune system by repairing UV-DNA damage.
Interestingly, Ultrasomes-V also stimulate the production of melanin by melanocytes in the tanning response following UV exposure.
This enzyme works well on post exposure sun damage recovery.
For more information take a listen to Dr Dan Yarosh PHD: